English | Formal | Informal | Informal Possesive |
---|---|---|---|
I | Saya | Aku | -ku |
You | Anda | Kamu | -mu |
He/She/It | Beliau | Dia | -nya |
We (inclusive) | Kita | Kita | Kita |
We (exclusive) | Kami | Kami | Kami |
You (Plural) | Kalian | Kalian | Kalian |
They | Mereka | Mereka | Mereka |
Contoh (Example):
- Budi: "Wati, ini buku kita." (= Wati, this is our book.)
To refer a third person that has already died, He/She/It, when person we are speaking about already passed away and we want to refer to those people with respect, we use another word almarhum meaning "he" when the he is already died and "he" happens to be a respectable person. For female we use the word almarhumah. This is a rare instance when Bahasa Indonesia is gender specific. This is a loan word from Arabic which literally means: "who was blessed by God." In this sense, this is actually a euphemism.
Kata Kepunyaan (Possessive Pronoun)
As you probably have noted in the previous example, the position of possessive pronoun is reversed in Indonesian.Contoh (Example):
- Buku kami. (= our book(s))
- Apel mereka. (= their apple(s))
- Jerukku. (= my orange(s))
- Gelasnya. (= his/her/its glass(es))
- Bolpenmu. (= your pen(s))
- Coklat saya. (= my chocolate(s))
- Mobil beliau. (= his/her/its car)
Although in spoken Indonesian it is acceptable to say "gelas dia" instead of "gelasnya" and "bolpen kamu" instead of "bolpenmu", it is incorrect to say "jeruk aku" to mean "my orange".
Kata Kepunyaan #2 (Possessive Pronoun Part 2)
In most languages there is the possibility of both adjective-like posessives "this is my book" and noun like adjectives "this book is mine" or "this is mine." Indonesian doesn't do this exactly like this but does have an equivalent:- Buku ini punyaku. (This book is mine)
- Buku ini punyamu. (This book is yours)
- Buku ini punyanya. (This book is his/hers/its)
- Buku ini punya saya. (This book is mine)
- Buku ini punya kami. (This book is ours) (exclusive)
- Buku ini punya kita. (This book is ours) (inclusive)
- Buku ini punya mereka. (This book is theirs)
- Buku ini punya Budi. (This book is Budi's)
- Ini punyaku. (This is mine)
A synonym of "punya" is "milik". Hence you can change "punya" with "milik".
Example:
- Buku ini milikku
- Buku ini milikmu
- Buku ini miliknya
Contoh (Examples)
Below are some examples that summarise what we've learnt:- Saya punya buku kuning. (= I have a yellow book)
- Buku saya kuning. (= My book is yellow).
- Kamu punya bolpen biru, bukan bolpen hitam. (= You have a blue pen, not a black pen)
- Dia tidak punya pensil hijau. (= He/she/it doesn't have a green pencil)
- Budi punya apel merah. (= Budi has a red apple/red apples)
- Apel merah ini punya Budi. (= This red apple is Budi's)
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar